Is Meiosis Used For Growth And Repair
All living organisms are capable of growing and producing offspring. All eukaryotic organisms—including aquatic plants and algae—abound through the process of mitosis. Mitosis is a process where 1 cell divides into 2 cells (Fig. 2.46). Chromosomes in the original cell are duplicated to ensure that the two new cells have total copies of the necessary genetic information.
The process of mitosis generates new cells that are genetically identical to each other. Mitosis helps organisms grow in size and repair damaged tissue. Some species of algae are capable of growing very chop-chop. The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera can grow equally much as 30 centimeters (cm) in length in a single solar day.
Some organisms tin employ mitosis to reproduce asexually. The offspring of asexual reproduction are genetically identical to each other and to their parent. Near single-celled, microorganisms reproduce asexually by duplicating their genetic material and dividing in half. For instance, phytoplankton reproduce primarily through asexual reproduction. Some single-celled eukaryotes, including some plants and animals, reproduce asexually in a processes called fragmentation or budding.
Sexual reproduction is the production of offspring through the combination of sexual practice cells or gametes. Meiosis is the process of producing gametes, each of which has half of the genetic material needed to create a new organism (Fig. 2.47).
- Chromosomes are duplicated. Meiosis begins in a manner similar to mitosis with chromosome replication.
- Matched sets of chromosomes pair together.
- Genes are swapped between matched chromosomes. The procedure of crossing over, or recombination, exchanges genetic information between chromosomes in a cell. The resulting chromosomes are make new, unique combinations of genetic information.
- First sectionalization separates one of each chromosome pair. The parent jail cell divides in half as in mitosis, producing two cells with a complete corporeality of Dna (although they are not identical considering of crossing over).
- 2d sectionalisation separates each chromosome, leaving 1 copy of each chromosome per cell. The ii new cells divide a second time to produce four new gametes. These gametes contain half of the genetic information needed to course a new individual.
- Each parent provides one gamete to the procedure of fertilization, which results in a prison cell called a zygote with a total compliment of chromosomes.
- Offspring produced through sexual reproduction are genetically distinct from both parents, since each of their gametes has a unique combination of chromosomes.
In summary, mitosis produces two identical cells, each with the total corporeality of DNA. Meiosis produces four genetically unique cells, each with half the corporeality of Deoxyribonucleic acid. See Table two.x for a comparing of mitosis and meiosis.
| Mitosis | Meiosis | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of new cells | 2 identical cells | 4 unique cells |
| DNA in new cells | Each new cell has the same corporeality of Deoxyribonucleic acid as the original cell | Each prison cell has one-half the corporeality of DNA equally the original cell |
| Genetic system in new prison cell | Identical copy of the Dna in the original cell | Unique new combination of Deoxyribonucleic acid (through crossing over and contained assortment of chromosomes) |
| Part in living organisms | Produces new cells for growth, tissue repair, and asextual reproduction | Produces genetically various gametes for sextual reproduction |
Many species of algae have complex life histories and tin can reproduce through both sexual and asexual means. It is common for algae to have an alternation of generation, where one generation is made through mitotic cell partition and the other is made from cells created through meiotic cell division.
Source: https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/biological/aquatic-plants-and-algae/growth-development-and-reproduction
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